Have you ever had to dig a hole in really hard soil. Mould has detachable collar and base plate assembly. According to compaction theory, when samples of a soil are compacted at different water contents using the same compactive. Compaction factor test for concrete test for workability. Group a standard compaction test astm d 89878, astm d 1557 and aashto t 9990 sultan aldhefeeri june 20 2019 to perform. Group a standard compaction test astm d 89878, astm d 1557 and aashto t 9990 sultan aldhefeeri june 20. Standard test method for the slump of hydraulic cement concrete. The line of optimum moisture contents is usually around 85% saturation and the optimum moisture content decreases with increasing compactive effort. The standard proctor test is conducted within the laboratory and involves using a standardised amount of energy to compact the material into moulds.
Compaction of soil is an important process, as it helps it of achieve certain physical properties necessary for its proper behaviour under loading. Here we are going to compute the bulk density of sand down to the degree of compaction of soil i would really want to pursue this article just to completely show the full process of getting the results of the test from taking the. Example of completed calculations are shown in forms 6. The proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will become most.
Compaction of soil process, necessity and theory of compaction. Compaction test proctor test civil engineering notes. Compaction factor test is designed in such a way that it can be used only in laboratory but in some cases, it can be used for field concrete tests. It can be removed by ploughing the surface layer experiencing compaction. Relate a soil laboratory experiment to explain the collapse.
Proctor soil compaction test procedures, tools and results. This plays a vital part in construction for soils are mainly used as supports for a lot of infrastructures. Sand compaction piles are one of the potential methods for improving ground stability, preventing liquefaction, reducing settlement and similar applications. Mdd is the maximum dry density obtained from the compaction test used as the standard for the particular layer. Ground improvement with sand compaction piles advantages. Fleige and others published field experiments on the effect of soil compaction on soil properties, runoff, interflow and erosion find, read and cite all the research you. Pdf compaction of soil at maximum dry density is required in many. The test methods followed were the aasho designation t180 method c, the michigan cone test, the indiana vibratory hammer method.
Field density test of soil by sand replacement method. Soil compaction can easily reduce crop yields by 10 percent, and can lead to water and soil quality degradation due to increased runoff and soil structure destruction. The compaction factor test is carried out to measure the degree of workability of fresh concrete with regard to the internal energy required for compacting the concrete thoroughly. But it has a major limitation that this test is not suitable for saturated and soft soils. No date name of the experiment staff signature remarks 12 flash and fire point test determine the test on specific gravity. The proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will become most dense and achieve its maximum dry density. Ken sudduth ag engineer usda agricultural research service columbia, mo. A greater reporting accuracy is required compared to that nominated by the standard. Various standard codes recommend a concrete cylinder or concrete cube as the standard specimen for the test. In this article, youll know standard compaction proctor test in details from apparatus, theory, to result and much more. Test the level of compaction of soil at different locations. Because of the benefits from compaction, contractors have built larger and heavier machines to increase the amount of compaction of the soil. It was found that the standard compaction test could not reproduce the densities measured in the field and this led to the development of the modified compaction test.
The mechanical energy may be produced by the dynamic load, static load, vibration, or by tamping. Compaction test of soil is also known as proctors test is done to understand. Represent as broad a range of compaction equipment and soil conditions as possible. Test for compressive strength is carried out either on a cube or cylinder. Compaction compaction is the process of increasing the density of soil by mechanical means by packing soil particles closer. These test methods are performed in the laboratory on samples obtained from the borrow area and are used to establish specimen compaction requirements for engineering property testing. Ken sudduth ag engineer usda agricultural research service columbia, mo soil compaction. Experiment station of the corps of engineers in 1941, where he played a major role in developing standards of practice for soil compaction and flexible pavement design over the succeeding decades, retiring in 1969. Note that the type of compaction test used is dependent on the type of material. In this science project you can make an instrument to test the soil and find out how compacted it is, before you dig. Soil compaction decrease in soil volume and porosity, or increase in soil bulk density, due to.
Compaction factor test workability test of fresh concrete. Purpose and use of laboratory compaction tests the astm test methods for compaction are used to develop a laboratoryderived standard reference density that is used to determine the percentage of compaction and deviation from the optimum water content that is measured by the field inplace density tests. Diagnosing soil compaction using a penetrometer soil. An operator pushes a rod with attached asae standard cone into the ground. Pdf compaction of the subsoil affects a range of soil functions and ecosystem services. Compaction of soil is the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type becomes most dense and achieve its maximum dry density by removal of air voids. Compaction factor test workability of concrete the. We know that the conditions of site and that of the laboratory are different altogether. Determination of water contentdry density relation using light compaction. Compaction, relative compaction, dry density, moisture content. There are many types of soil compaction tests which are performed on soil. Chapter 9 conclusions intelligent soil compaction systems. Compaction of soil is the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type becomes most dense and achieve its. Standard proctor test for soils abstract soil compaction is the process in which stress is applied to a soil which causes densification as the voids.
Slump test doesnt give accurate results for the low workability of concrete when the slump is pdf from ce 211 at uet lahore. The bottom is closed with a collapsible plate down to the required depth and then pipe is filled with sand. Bertle division of project investigations office of chief engineer, denver, colorado united states department of the interior l stewart l. Stockton airfield test track stockton airfield was the corps principal test site for evaluating pappy porters california bearing ratio cbr test to compare subgrade modulus with various wheel loads and repetitions, working with the california division of highways and the sacramento district of the corps of engineers under. Summary of concrete workability test methods research report icar 1051 sponsored by the aggregates foundation for technology, research and education. Compressive strength of concrete cube test pdf, procedure. Jun 14, 2014 objective to determine moisture content and dry density relationship using heavy compaction or modified compaction method as per is2720part8. Slump test doesnt give accurate results for the low workability of concrete when the slump is jan 27, 2019 standard proctor test or proctor compaction test was the original test devised by an american engineer ralph r. Lab report on cbr compaction test report2 department of civil engineering oklahoma state university submitted by. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a pdf. Lab report proctor testcompaction test introduction for.
All modified proctor compaction tests were performed in accordance with the astm. The resistance of the cone is displayed as it is pushed in the ground. Standard proctor test, the soil is compacted by a 5. The compaction test that was performed as part of the experimental procedure was no different from the normal routine for a compaction test other than that the materials were dry instead of wet with. Proctor showing that for a given compaction effort, the density of soil depends on the type of soil and moisture content. Proctor in the design and construction of earth dams proctor 1933. The apparatus used in this field density test consists of a sand pouring cylinder, with pouring cone at its. Oct 28, 2016 soil compaction exist on the soils surface layer surface compaction or deeper below the soil surface subsurface compaction. Usda mo ssps field test results depth10 cm depth30 cm depth20 cm depth50 cm depth40 cm 160 170 180 190 200 210. Moisture content of the soil is vital to proper compaction. Fundamentals of soil compaction intelligent compaction. Compaction factor test of concrete for low workability.
Normally sand replacement method is adopted for this purpose. It is also desirable to know the optimum soil conditions for compacting a given soil. Soil compaction is a serious concern for farmers in pennsylvania. Mar 24, 2020 soil properties experiments the significance of compaction test. Compaction of soil process, necessity and theory of. Compaction test of soil is carried out using proctors test to understand compaction characteristics of different soils with change in moisture content. Compacting factor test is an experiment that determines the consistency of freshly mixed concrete.
Unfortunately, this book cant be printed from the openbook. Standard proctor test procedure apparatus calculation. Equipment cylindrical mold measuring 105 mm in diameter, 115. This test differs from the procedure described in aashto t 99 in that a 10 lb. Soil compaction 2016 69 proficiency testing program. Compaction tests are commonly performed as part of a geotechnical profile of a building site. The compacting factor test has been developed at the road research laboratory in united kingdom. The proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at.
Compaction is a type of mechanical stabilization where the soil mass is densified with the application of mechanical energy also known as compactive effort. Civil engineering animated videos, civil engineering videos social media. In other words, the density is a comparison of the weight of one cubic foot of material in the field. Compaction tests results vary with the input compactive effort, usually measured in foot pounds per cubic foot of soil. Each of these tests can be performed in three different methods as outlined in the attached table 1. The pay quantity for compaction with moisture and density the treatment type, and. Response of annual crops to subsoil compaction in a field experiment on. The astm standard test methods used for determining compaction characteristics of soil are d698, d1557, d558, d4253, and d4254. Evaluation of laboratory compaction procedures for specification of. Unseen soil compaction can limit root growth and water and nutrient absorption. Standard proctor test covers the determination of the relationship between the moisture content and density of soils compacted in a mould of a given size with a 2. In this study, a laboratory procedure is devised to determine the. In rocky fills the operator should always rotate the probe 90 degrees and take a second reading, recoding the lower of the two values. Procedure was repeated with a third layer, which should bring the.
Record all information and calculations as per the proficiency testing results log sheet and. Pdf field experiments on the effect of soil compaction. Sand replacement method is also known as sand cone method. In this state, soil has very little or no loadbearing ability. Further, in question 6 explain the significance of laboratory compaction test for a flood protection embankment construction project using fill materials. Standard proctor test or proctor compaction test was the original test devised by an american engineer ralph r. Army corps of engineers began using the principles of soil compaction developed by ralph r. Reddy and jagadish 1993 presented a new static compaction test for soils in which. See that the inner surfaces of conical hoppers should be free from moisture and apply grease to it. May 14, 20 objective for determination of the relation between the water content and the dry density of soils using light compaction.
Apr 17, 2020 a compaction test is a soil quality test used to assess the level of compaction which can occur in the soil on a site. They may also be performed to learn more about a soil in a particular area, whether or not the area is slated for development. Soil compaction testing otherwise known as density tests are performed in order to determine the soil compaction level. May 01, 2017 types of soil compaction test in laboratory standard proctor test modified proctor test gyratory compaction test 11. One of the most common test to determine the field density of soil is the sandcone method.
Soil compaction meters often called penetrometers are used to determine the density of soil and other material. The compacting factor test is performed to find out the workability of concrete. The response of soil to moisture is very important, as the soil must carry the load yearround. This test method is the field procedure for laboratory test method 103. In the proctor test, the soil is compacted in a mold that has a volume of 944 cm3. Standard proctor test for soils abstract soil compaction is the process in which stress is applied to a soil which causes densification as the voids are filled with solids.
This compaction is a comparison of the laboratory compaction proctor to the field density and recorded as a percentage. Measures density of soil for comparing the degree of compaction vs specs. American society for testing materials astm c39c39m provides standard test method for compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. Generally before any soil compaction occurs various samples of the proposed embankment or fill is analyzed in the lab. Experiment compaction test standard proctor free download as pdf file. It is caused by the use of equipments weighing less than 10 tons per axle. This is very logical for better compaction of soil. The test is named in honor of ralph roscoe proctor, who in 1933 showed that the dry density of a soil for a given compactive effort depends on the amount of water the soil contains during soil. This test is used to define the optimum amount of soil or aggregate that can be compacted in a unit volume when conditions require a. An extensive laboratory test program was carried out, comprising seven methods of compaction and four materials under various moisture conditions and gradations.
This video animation, animated video explains the procedure for determination of workability by compaction factor test. The field density test of soil is conducted in the field to know whether the specified compaction is achieved or not. Astm d698 12e2 standard test methods for laboratory. This test is generally used when compaction is applied on smaller areas eg. May 18, 2018 this video animation, animated video explains the procedure for determination of workability by compaction factor test. Apparatus metal mould volume cm3 balance capacity 10 kg, least count 1g oven 105 to 1100c sieve 19 mm metal rammer weight 4.
Introduction laboratory compaction within the corps of engineers 1. The general criteria for establishing the test plan were as follows. Dec 29, 2015 the proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will become most dense and achieve its maximum dry density. Chapter 9 conclusions the national academies press. The proctor compaction test is a test that compacts the soil material at various moisture. Most field compaction tests are now made using nuclear density gages that employ a cesium element. Nuc gages can have significant errors if the extendable probe is located next to a rock 3 inches across. This method involves driving a hollow steel pipe into the ground. To measure the workability of concrete by compaction factor test apparatus required. Proctor test compaction test introduction for earthwork construction it is important to compact soils to a dense state so that the soils will attain satisfactory engineering properties. This is a continuation of the previous article i posted how to do a compaction test or insitu density test, about the calculation of the compaction test report. Compaction factor test of concrete for low workability concrete. Standard proctor test is used to determine the compaction of different types of soil and the properties of soil with a change in moisture content.
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